Patients with nerve injury typically present with pain, weakness, and paresthesia. In the upper extremity, the brachial plexus branches into five peripheral nerves, three of which are commonly entrapped at the shoulder, elbow, and wrist. Most nerve injuries seen by family physicians will involve neurapraxia, resulting from entrapment along the anatomic course of the nerve. The extent of the injury can range from mild neurapraxia, in which the nerve experiences mild ischemia caused by compression, to severe neurotmesis, in which the nerve has full-thickness damage and full recovery may not occur. Injury can result from trauma, anatomic abnormalities, systemic disease, and entrapment.
Peripheral nerves in the upper extremities are at risk of injury and entrapment because of their superficial nature and length.
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